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Ranking

Gas pipelines between countries

Pairs of countries joined by a gas pipeline, with the number of pipelines by status, and the countries with the most partners.

Counted by where a route starts and ends

Of 4,246 pipelines, 322 start in one country and end in another, which makes 174 country pairs; 101 of those pairs have at least one operating pipeline. 1 pipeline lists no start or end country and is not placed.The rest start and end in the same country.

The pair has no direction, because the tracker draws the route and does not say which way gas flows. Statuses are counted separately and a pipeline is counted once, so rows are not added across countries. There are no lengths here: a pipeline’s reported length is for its whole route, not the part between two borders.

Country pairs with two or more pipelines

62 pairs. The 112 pairs with a single pipeline are listed below.

CountriesPipelinesOperatingUnder constructionProposedOther statusVia a third countryLongest operating (or longest listed)
Canada and United States2016——4—Alliance Gas Pipeline
Russia and Ukraine18141—33Progress Gas Pipeline
Mexico and United States117—13—Sur de Texas-Tuxpan Gas Pipeline
China and Russia7——521Prokopyevsky-Toutunhe Pipeline
Germany and Netherlands66————Ravenstein-Echt Gas Pipeline
France and Spain63—12—Larrau–Villar de Arnedo Gas Pipeline
Argentina and Chile55————Atacama Gas Pipeline
Norway and United Kingdom55————Langeled Gas Pipeline
Russia and Turkmenistan54——15Central Asia–Center Gas Pipeline
Belarus and Russia44———1Torzhok-Minsk-Ivatsevichy Gas Pipeline
France and Switzerland44————Transitgas–Laneuvelotte–Obergailbach Gas Pipeline
Ireland and United Kingdom44————UK-Ireland Interconnector 2
China and Turkmenistan43——14Central Asia–China Gas Pipeline
Russia and Türkiye43——1—Blue Stream Gas Pipeline
Algeria and Tunisia33————Trans-Mediterranean Gas Pipeline
Azerbaijan and Georgia32——11South Caucasus Gas Pipeline
Azerbaijan and Türkiye32——12South Caucasus Gas Pipeline
Bulgaria and Greece32—1——Gas Interconnector Greece–Bulgaria (IGB)
Iran and Turkmenistan32—1——Korpeje-Kordkuy Gas Pipeline
Argentina and Brazil31—2—2Paraná-Uruguayana Gas Pipeline
Egypt and Israel3111——Arish–Ashkelon Pipeline
Georgia and Türkiye31—2—2Trans-Anatolian Gas Pipeline
Greece and Italy31—2——Greece-Italy Interconnector Gas Pipeline
Mozambique and South Africa31—11—Mozambique-South Africa Gas Pipeline
Germany and Russia3———32Yamal-Europe Gas Pipeline
Algeria and Spain22———1Maghreb-Europe Gas Pipeline
Argentina and Uruguay22————Southern Cross Gas Pipeline
Armenia and Azerbaijan22————Ghazakh-Yerevan Gas Pipeline
Austria and Switzerland22————Rankweil-Lienz Gas Pipeline
Azerbaijan and Iran22————Hajiqabul–Astara–Abadan Gas Pipeline
Belarus and Poland22————Kobryn-Brest-Warsaw Gas Pipeline
Belarus and Ukraine22————Ivatsevichy-Kobryn-Dolyna Gas Pipeline
Belgium and United Kingdom22————Zeebrugge-Bacton Gas Pipeline
Bolivia and Brazil22————GASBOL Gas Pipeline
Bulgaria and Romania22————Gas Interconnector Bulgaria-Romania
Czechia and Germany22————Gazela Pipeline
Denmark and Netherlands22————Noordgastransport Gas Pipeline (NOGAT)
Estonia and Russia22————Kohtla-Järve-Leningrad Gas Pipeline
Germany and Norway22————Europipe II Gas Pipeline
Germany and Switzerland22————Trans Europa Naturgas Pipeline
Greece and Türkiye22————Turkey-Greece-Italy Interconnector Gas Pipeline (ITGI)
Indonesia and Singapore22————West Natuna Transportation System Gas Pipeline
Israel and Jordan22————Israel Natural Gas Transmission System
Italy and Slovenia22————Rogatec–Gorizia Gas Pipeline
Kazakhstan and Russia22————Makat–North Caucasus Pipeline
Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan22———1Bukhara-Tashkent-Bishkek-Almaty Gas Pipeline
Lithuania and Poland22————Gas Interconnection Poland-Lithuania
Poland and Slovakia22————Poland-Slovakia Gas Pipeline
Russia and Uzbekistan22———2Bukhara-Ural Gas Pipeline
Slovakia and Ukraine22————Vojany-Uzhgorod Gas Pipeline
Austria and Slovenia21—1——Austria–Slovenia Interconnector (SOL) Gas Pipeline
Bulgaria and North Macedonia21—1——Skopje-Kriva Palanka Gas Pipeline
Bulgaria and Serbia211———Bulgaria-Serbia Interconnector Gas Pipeline
Italy and Türkiye21—1—2Trans-Adriatic Gas Pipeline
Latvia and Lithuania211———Lithuania-Latvia Interconnection Gas Pipeline
Romania and Ukraine21——1—Hust–Satu Mare Gas Pipeline
Syria and Türkiye21——1—Türkiye-Syria Natural Gas Pipeline
Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan2——2——Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline
Croatia and Slovenia2———2—Kalce-Kastav Gas Pipeline
Cyprus and Israel2——2—1Israel Cyprus Gas Pipeline
Greece and Israel2——2—2EastMed Gas Pipeline
Iran and Pakistan2—11——Iran-Pakistan Pipeline

“Other status” is shelved, cancelled, idle, mothballed, retired or not stated. For one country’s whole network see its page, for example countries by pipeline length.

Countries with the most pipeline partners

The number of other countries joined to each by at least one pipeline, of any status, and by an operating one.

CountryPartner countriesJoined by an operating pipeline
Russia1610
Türkiye1610
Iran115
Italy115
Germany107
Turkmenistan86
Romania75
Azerbaijan65
Hungary65
Norway65
Ukraine65
Poland64
Slovakia64
Spain63
Bulgaria55

Pairs with a single pipeline

112 pairs, each with one pipeline.

Common questions

Each answer stands on its own.

Which two countries are joined by the most gas pipelines?
Canada and United States, with 20 pipelines in the tracker, 16 of them operating. This counts pipelines whose route starts in one and ends in the other, in either direction.
Which country has the most cross-border pipeline partners?
Russia, joined to 16 other countries by at least one pipeline of any status, 10 of them by an operating one.
Does the pair show which way the gas flows?
No. A pipeline’s start and end say how GEM draws the route. A pair is shown without direction, and the tracker does not give a flow direction.
What about countries a pipeline passes through?
A pipeline is paired by where it starts and ends only. A route listed through a further country is still counted for its two ends and flagged in the “Via a third country” column, but the country in between is not paired with either end. 63 of the 322 cross-border pipelines are listed through at least one further country.

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